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[Music]

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my name is ian thompson

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i'm from livermore in california and i'm

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going to talk about

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how the non-physical influences physics

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and physiology i'm going to make a

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proposal for how to bridge the gap

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between the non-physical and the

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physical

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so the outline of my talk

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explain how this

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issue is connected with the mind-body

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problem and how it's related to possible

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solutions of the mind-body problem

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and then the next element of the talk is

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to explain what i mean by non-physical i

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want to be a bit more precise

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and define it in a positive rather than

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a negative way

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and then in order to find and bridge the

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gap between these two things

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we want to find a soft spot on quantum

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physics something where changes could be

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made

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and then i'm going to

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say that

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varying the electric permittivity of the

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vacuum

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is one such way one such soft spot that

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in which quantum physics could be

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changed

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and then i show that the result of this

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is that energy is not always conserved

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locally and therefore we shouldn't try

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too hard to conserve energy locally in

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order to have the connection between

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mind and body

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and then in order to

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organize these changes from the point of

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view of physiology i show how to

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formulate the idea of targets as a new

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level of physics

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in order to see how that works and then

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i give some numerical examples of

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how to change proteins how to move them

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or do other things and then have a

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the problem that i'm trying to address

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is that it can be seen in many talks in

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this convention because they provide

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evidence for novel causes and lots of

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effects related to non-physical minds

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and we can see these because they have

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effects in in physical things

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and in fact when we think about it there

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are many effects of our mind

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on our body every second every time we

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move our finger

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because we decide to do so

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so we have the issue here of crossing

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the mind body gap

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in order to address this problem we have

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to ask

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is there something incomplete about

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physics and if there is can we make a

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proposal for how to complete it and

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could experiments see any specific new

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some of the traditional ways of crossing

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the mind body gap

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are first of all monism which is to say

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there isn't really a gap because there

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is a combined physical and mental world

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that has a uniform system of causes and

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effects

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and according to this view what is

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mental is really physical

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and what is physical is really mental so

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they're the same

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but if you just listen to the talks in

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this convention you'll see that the

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behavior that we want from minds are

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completely different from the behavior

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of physical things so it's very strange

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to say that they're really the same

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thing

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one remedy is called dualism famously

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from descartes are two levels

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they do exist distinct

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physical and mental substances that

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which are separate

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but interconnected in specific ways

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there's no causal closure anywhere but

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there are interactions which have to be

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spelt out

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and people have had trouble spelling out

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these interactions but that's what we're

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going to look at now

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my view will be somewhat nearer to

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dualism than modernism because i base my

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theory on

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of discrete degrees as

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on a generalized dualism

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these ideas come from emanuel swedenborg

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who talked about discrete degrees in

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in order to understand what's going on

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here we have to understand what some of

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these multiple levels are so we can say

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what's physical and what's not physical

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i know i i draw here first a very quick

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summary blue things are non-physical

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things spiritual mental intentions

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sensory motor mind to spiritual body

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all of those are non-physical can be

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included in a general sense of mental

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and then in green here we have physical

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things we have physical changes in

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material objects and in the middle

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there's something which i'm going to

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which i'm going to introduce in the

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future of this talk about final causes

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and targets i want to say those are

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physical but

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so i'm going to focus on this last step

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into the physical how the spiritual body

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and the sensory motor mind make

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changes in the physical world

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and i want to see how final causes which

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come from the mental of the spiritual

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bodies can create targets which affects

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what happens in physics

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and whatever i do here can be applied to

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all kinds

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of input from spiritual or mental

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discrete degrees

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so what i'm going to do is i'm going to

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describe something like final causes and

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targets and i'm going to make them

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causally active and i'm going to show

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how those causes operate

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and in these things i always take

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non-physical and physical

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different kinds of substances connected

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in ways which we'll see

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and

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you can think of this as i'm trying to

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show

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how dualism can work in a proper and

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if i'm going to say that there are

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non-physical effects on physical things

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then something must be different in

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physics and physiology because of this

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non-physical input the targets the input

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targets must make a difference there

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must be effects

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in the general biochemistry of cells

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and we would also expect effects in the

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brain and the neurons of the brain

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and so therefore that's the one way

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perhaps that mental desires and

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intentions can lead to bodily movements

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but in in

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trying to adjust physics i'm trying to

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keep the existing structure of physical

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theory as much as possible constant i'm

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trying to make sure that computers and

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microscopes and suns still work at least

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most of the time

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so what i'm going to do is i'm trying to

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find a soft spot

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in physical theory

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so laws and

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of operation of physical things are not

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always fixed

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but can vary as part of a bigger picture

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where the bigger picture includes

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non-physical things

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the effects that i want to see happening

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in bodies

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are in physical systems our bodies are

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physical systems they're made of atoms

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and molecules

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of protons neutrons and electrons

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in particular they're very large protein

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molecules and cells

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and these molecules have to fold into

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very specific shapes in order to

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have the right shape to catalyze a

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reaction that makes them into an enzyme

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for example

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but there's a puzzle about this folding

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of large protein molecules the speed and

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directionality of folding has has been a

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puzzle

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for the last 50 years

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ever since levantel posed his paradox in

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but i want to work out a way to predict

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that non-physical influences in living

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cells could provide targets for protein

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folding and thus speed up the folding

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and

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to make one way of resolving levantel's

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paradox

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i should mention that every year

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in the in the science literature there's

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a paper or two claiming to solve

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levental's paradox

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but i don't think they've been

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if we go into details and physics we can

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see actually discrete degrees even in

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physics if we go from effects

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to causes in other words up the causal

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chain we see that all of these things

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are connected the outermost physical

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discrete degree is classical newtonian

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physics made of mostly large objects

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like atoms and

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and

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rocks planets

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and all of these can be described by

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forces acting on masses giving

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acceleration

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but we know that the behavior

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of objects is not really exactly

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newtonian physics it actually quantum

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mechanics is more accurate for small

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items so particles that are in atoms and

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even molecules can be described in some

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ways more accurately by quantum

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mechanics

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because instead of particles moving with

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a fixed location we have wave packets

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governed by the schroding equation

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and

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then their path is described by

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but then we might ask where interaction

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potentials and forces come from

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in quantum mechanics

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these are in fact the masses and forces

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and quantum mechanics i determine my

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quantum field theory which is a discrete

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degree inside ordinary quantum physics

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where we have a field lagrangian with

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massive and massless fields and that and

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the variational principle shows how to

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work out from the lagrangian how these

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suppose we want to go even further

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inside this lagrangian

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quantum field theory what determines

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these

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masses and charges

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just to give you a preview of what i

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want to do i want to

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put a new connection between

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the outermost non-physical the sensory

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motor mind and the laurentian meshes and

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charges so between the blue and the

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green we want to have some new kind of

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connection

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and i'll explain later what this

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connection is so i'm i'm putting in a

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new discrete degree

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which i think should have been there all

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along but people haven't thought about

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it this is where some connections should

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be expected so the result of this

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is that the non-physical influences

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in the minds and so on will influence

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the values of the lagrangian masses and

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but you might have thought that in

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normal physics these lagrangian

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coefficients

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masses and charges have to be fixed

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many people think so

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if you look in wikipedia for the

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parameters of the standard model for

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example you can see a long list of 120

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or so parameters that have definite

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values

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but the point is which is not really

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mentioned very often is that these are

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observed values not the starting

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parameters which go in

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to the lagrangian

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and in fact

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the initial numbers by a process called

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renormalization have to be adjusted or

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tuned

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to give the observed numbers as output

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and the trouble is that the

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00:11:11,670 --> 00:11:09,440
renormalization method is not fixed in

290
00:11:12,710 --> 00:11:11,680
the theory there are many different ways

291
00:11:15,190 --> 00:11:12,720
of doing

292
00:11:16,230 --> 00:11:15,200
renormalization methods

293
00:11:18,150 --> 00:11:16,240
and

294
00:11:20,630 --> 00:11:18,160
in fact the method you choose could be

295
00:11:22,470 --> 00:11:20,640
different at each place in each time

296
00:11:24,710 --> 00:11:22,480
so that means that the starting numbers

297
00:11:26,150 --> 00:11:24,720
even if they're fixed could give

298
00:11:28,710 --> 00:11:26,160
different masses and charges at

299
00:11:32,470 --> 00:11:28,720
different places in space and time

300
00:11:33,430 --> 00:11:32,480
so this is a preview of what i see is

301
00:11:35,269 --> 00:11:33,440
happening

302
00:11:38,389 --> 00:11:35,279
this middle degree is going to make

303
00:11:42,630 --> 00:11:40,470
you might ask

304
00:11:45,030 --> 00:11:42,640
where the physicists have already seen

305
00:11:47,509 --> 00:11:45,040
these charge variations perhaps if we

306
00:11:49,350 --> 00:11:47,519
compare local stars with distant stars

307
00:11:50,790 --> 00:11:49,360
we might see a difference perhaps the

308
00:11:54,310 --> 00:11:50,800
charges vary

309
00:11:55,430 --> 00:11:54,320
between local stars and distant stars

310
00:11:57,670 --> 00:11:55,440
john webb

311
00:11:59,990 --> 00:11:57,680
and his group in sydney have

312
00:12:02,470 --> 00:12:00,000
claimed that they have measured

313
00:12:05,590 --> 00:12:02,480
differences in the ratios of spectral

314
00:12:07,750 --> 00:12:05,600
lines which depend on electric charges

315
00:12:09,990 --> 00:12:07,760
and they show evidence depending on the

316
00:12:11,829 --> 00:12:10,000
angle as you can see in the picture here

317
00:12:13,350 --> 00:12:11,839
that the charges

318
00:12:16,310 --> 00:12:13,360
are very slightly different very

319
00:12:18,389 --> 00:12:16,320
slightly smaller in distant stars about

320
00:12:20,389 --> 00:12:18,399
one part and a hundred thousand

321
00:12:22,710 --> 00:12:20,399
it's not a very big effect

322
00:12:25,110 --> 00:12:22,720
but it does show

323
00:12:26,790 --> 00:12:25,120
that charge variations are conceivable

324
00:12:28,949 --> 00:12:26,800
in physics

325
00:12:31,030 --> 00:12:28,959
so we've broken the shell in some way

326
00:12:33,829 --> 00:12:31,040
we've shown that something like this is

327
00:12:38,310 --> 00:12:35,269
but we want to

328
00:12:40,470 --> 00:12:38,320
have not just distant stars being

329
00:12:42,949 --> 00:12:40,480
changed we want to have non-physical

330
00:12:44,310 --> 00:12:42,959
effects on the physical as i said before

331
00:12:45,750 --> 00:12:44,320
and our idea

332
00:12:48,310 --> 00:12:45,760
is that

333
00:12:50,550 --> 00:12:48,320
the fine-tuned parameters namely masses

334
00:12:53,990 --> 00:12:50,560
and charges can be varied locally in

335
00:12:56,870 --> 00:12:54,000
order to achieve ends in nature

336
00:12:58,790 --> 00:12:56,880
we're going to focus on electric forces

337
00:13:01,030 --> 00:12:58,800
and as i said physicists have proposed

338
00:13:03,430 --> 00:13:01,040
varying charges over the age of the

339
00:13:06,310 --> 00:13:03,440
universe over very long distances

340
00:13:09,269 --> 00:13:06,320
but now we propose to variate

341
00:13:11,190 --> 00:13:09,279
the charges in microseconds very

342
00:13:13,030 --> 00:13:11,200
completely different scale

343
00:13:14,710 --> 00:13:13,040
and and vary them within living

344
00:13:16,870 --> 00:13:14,720
organisms

345
00:13:21,430 --> 00:13:16,880
so this is a new idea which will have to

346
00:13:25,829 --> 00:13:23,590
by varying the electric charge

347
00:13:27,910 --> 00:13:25,839
as a non-physical effect

348
00:13:30,629 --> 00:13:27,920
we as i said before we're going to

349
00:13:32,629 --> 00:13:30,639
establish a new discrete degree

350
00:13:34,710 --> 00:13:32,639
inside quantum field theory between

351
00:13:36,069 --> 00:13:34,720
quantum field theory and the outermost

352
00:13:38,710 --> 00:13:36,079
level of mind

353
00:13:40,389 --> 00:13:38,720
so i'm going to call these targets this

354
00:13:43,189 --> 00:13:40,399
new discrete degree

355
00:13:45,269 --> 00:13:43,199
the final causes set the targets or ends

356
00:13:48,069 --> 00:13:45,279
and the ends determine the means

357
00:13:49,910 --> 00:13:48,079
and we reach the targets by adjusting

358
00:13:51,509 --> 00:13:49,920
the electrical parameters of physical

359
00:13:53,670 --> 00:13:51,519
fields

360
00:13:55,910 --> 00:13:53,680
this is really fine tuning

361
00:13:57,829 --> 00:13:55,920
because this is not gradually

362
00:13:59,189 --> 00:13:57,839
gradual changes over the whole universe

363
00:14:00,949 --> 00:13:59,199
or fixing it at the beginning of the

364
00:14:02,870 --> 00:14:00,959
universe in the big bang

365
00:14:05,509 --> 00:14:02,880
but we're getting changes

366
00:14:07,750 --> 00:14:05,519
different at each time in each place in

367
00:14:09,350 --> 00:14:07,760
an organism

368
00:14:12,710 --> 00:14:09,360
so from the physics point of view it's a

369
00:14:14,550 --> 00:14:12,720
local not a global physics variation

370
00:14:17,750 --> 00:14:14,560
and physicists like to do things locally

371
00:14:19,910 --> 00:14:17,760
and not just globally

372
00:14:22,150 --> 00:14:19,920
so what we're going to suggest that

373
00:14:23,590 --> 00:14:22,160
these changes are specific to living

374
00:14:25,990 --> 00:14:23,600
organisms

375
00:14:27,829 --> 00:14:26,000
and that they occur at all scales in

376
00:14:33,269 --> 00:14:27,839
psychology and biology

377
00:14:35,670 --> 00:14:34,710
so let's see

378
00:14:38,870 --> 00:14:35,680
how

379
00:14:42,069 --> 00:14:38,880
electric forces could be changed so here

380
00:14:44,389 --> 00:14:42,079
i give the standard formula coulomb's

381
00:14:46,230 --> 00:14:44,399
formula for the inverse square law the

382
00:14:49,110 --> 00:14:46,240
force

383
00:14:51,590 --> 00:14:49,120
between charge q1 and position 1 and q2

384
00:14:54,470 --> 00:14:51,600
at position 2 is proportional to their

385
00:14:56,550 --> 00:14:54,480
product q1 and q2 divide by the square

386
00:14:58,470 --> 00:14:56,560
of the distance between them

387
00:15:00,870 --> 00:14:58,480
and there's an overall scale factor of

388
00:15:02,870 --> 00:15:00,880
one over four pi epsilon

389
00:15:05,189 --> 00:15:02,880
where epsilon is called the electric

390
00:15:07,110 --> 00:15:05,199
permittivity it's a scale factor

391
00:15:09,430 --> 00:15:07,120
and you can see that if q1 and q2 are

392
00:15:11,110 --> 00:15:09,440
the same sign

393
00:15:14,150 --> 00:15:11,120
both positive are both negatives in the

394
00:15:16,870 --> 00:15:14,160
product that the force has as a

395
00:15:18,870 --> 00:15:16,880
positive side and if

396
00:15:20,230 --> 00:15:18,880
q1 and q2 of opposite signs then when

397
00:15:22,230 --> 00:15:20,240
you multiply them together you get a

398
00:15:25,509 --> 00:15:22,240
negative number and so you get a

399
00:15:28,310 --> 00:15:25,519
negative force on this on this measure

400
00:15:30,949 --> 00:15:28,320
so this is coulomb's well-known inverse

401
00:15:35,670 --> 00:15:33,110
but now i'm going to go on and suggest

402
00:15:37,910 --> 00:15:35,680
that we're going to

403
00:15:40,470 --> 00:15:37,920
this new targets these new influx from

404
00:15:43,269 --> 00:15:40,480
the non-physical can vary charges if it

405
00:15:45,670 --> 00:15:43,279
varies q1 this will vary the force f

406
00:15:47,269 --> 00:15:45,680
forces will be different because of the

407
00:15:49,670 --> 00:15:47,279
different charges

408
00:15:52,069 --> 00:15:49,680
so we're not we're not introducing a new

409
00:15:54,870 --> 00:15:52,079
force but we're just adjusting an

410
00:15:56,230 --> 00:15:54,880
existing one we're not creating a

411
00:16:00,629 --> 00:15:56,240
special

412
00:16:03,670 --> 00:16:02,550
allowing mental or non-physical

413
00:16:04,389 --> 00:16:03,680
influences

414
00:16:07,030 --> 00:16:04,399
to

415
00:16:08,949 --> 00:16:07,040
scale up or down in the standard

416
00:16:10,870 --> 00:16:08,959
electric forces

417
00:16:12,949 --> 00:16:10,880
and if mental input could vary any of

418
00:16:15,189 --> 00:16:12,959
these to any of these charges q then

419
00:16:17,269 --> 00:16:15,199
they could vary the forces on electrons

420
00:16:20,069 --> 00:16:17,279
and ions and they could make things move

421
00:16:25,749 --> 00:16:20,079
in interesting ways in cells or wherever

422
00:16:29,350 --> 00:16:27,269
but we're going to actually change

423
00:16:31,670 --> 00:16:29,360
things very slightly

424
00:16:33,110 --> 00:16:31,680
jacob beckenstein you might be you might

425
00:16:34,150 --> 00:16:33,120
have heard of them from black hole

426
00:16:36,069 --> 00:16:34,160
theory

427
00:16:38,470 --> 00:16:36,079
showed that very similar effects could

428
00:16:39,749 --> 00:16:38,480
be obtained while keeping the charges q

429
00:16:41,430 --> 00:16:39,759
constant

430
00:16:43,670 --> 00:16:41,440
and as as

431
00:16:47,590 --> 00:16:43,680
to vary the permittivities epsilon 1 and

432
00:16:51,829 --> 00:16:49,910
variable q charges and constant

433
00:16:53,829 --> 00:16:51,839
permittivities we can have constant

434
00:16:55,189 --> 00:16:53,839
charges and variable permittivities the

435
00:16:58,150 --> 00:16:55,199
product

436
00:17:00,310 --> 00:16:58,160
the forces now depend on permittivities

437
00:17:01,990 --> 00:17:00,320
for both the charges but the queues can

438
00:17:03,670 --> 00:17:02,000
be constant

439
00:17:05,909 --> 00:17:03,680
and we'll see in a minute why this makes

440
00:17:07,110 --> 00:17:05,919
physics a lot easier

441
00:17:09,750 --> 00:17:07,120
and

442
00:17:12,470 --> 00:17:09,760
i'm going to now from now on

443
00:17:14,230 --> 00:17:12,480
to describe the influence of targets and

444
00:17:17,110 --> 00:17:14,240
non-physical things on physics is to

445
00:17:19,510 --> 00:17:17,120
vary the electrical permittivity

446
00:17:23,270 --> 00:17:19,520
even in the vacuum when there's no

447
00:17:25,510 --> 00:17:23,280
no dielectrics or capacitors

448
00:17:27,270 --> 00:17:25,520
and the reason that it's better to vary

449
00:17:29,750 --> 00:17:27,280
the permittivity

450
00:17:30,710 --> 00:17:29,760
and not the charges is that now we can

451
00:17:35,029 --> 00:17:30,720
keep

452
00:17:37,430 --> 00:17:35,039
maxwell's equations here are four

453
00:17:40,230 --> 00:17:37,440
maxwell's equations they govern

454
00:17:42,950 --> 00:17:40,240
the behavior of electric fields e

455
00:17:45,190 --> 00:17:42,960
and magnetic fields h

456
00:17:46,470 --> 00:17:45,200
in terms of rho which is the charge

457
00:17:47,990 --> 00:17:46,480
density

458
00:17:50,070 --> 00:17:48,000
and

459
00:17:52,710 --> 00:17:50,080
j which is the current density so this

460
00:17:53,750 --> 00:17:52,720
these four equations are responsible for

461
00:17:56,150 --> 00:17:53,760
the way

462
00:17:57,990 --> 00:17:56,160
currents produce magnetic fields charges

463
00:17:59,430 --> 00:17:58,000
produce electric fields

464
00:18:03,190 --> 00:17:59,440
and how you

465
00:18:05,510 --> 00:18:03,200
get traveling waves light radiation

466
00:18:06,950 --> 00:18:05,520
from james clark maxwell

467
00:18:09,510 --> 00:18:06,960
and we're going to allow the

468
00:18:12,150 --> 00:18:09,520
permittivity epsilon to vary that's

469
00:18:15,110 --> 00:18:12,160
perfectly allowed by maxwell's equations

470
00:18:17,110 --> 00:18:15,120
and there's no constraint on

471
00:18:19,029 --> 00:18:17,120
on varying the permittivity but you can

472
00:18:21,029 --> 00:18:19,039
prove from this first equation that

473
00:18:22,390 --> 00:18:21,039
charge is conserved so we we vary

474
00:18:24,950 --> 00:18:22,400
permittivity

475
00:18:26,470 --> 00:18:24,960
and we can we vary permeability mu for

476
00:18:29,430 --> 00:18:26,480
magnetic forces

477
00:18:31,750 --> 00:18:29,440
so that if silent goes up mu goes down

478
00:18:34,070 --> 00:18:31,760
so that means the c the speed of light

479
00:18:35,110 --> 00:18:34,080
is constant and that keeps einstein

480
00:18:36,950 --> 00:18:35,120
happy

481
00:18:39,190 --> 00:18:36,960
because his theory of relativity is

482
00:18:40,549 --> 00:18:39,200
based on the constancy of the speed of

483
00:18:41,750 --> 00:18:40,559
light and so

484
00:18:45,669 --> 00:18:41,760
we can

485
00:18:47,590 --> 00:18:45,679
maxwell's equations by varying the

486
00:18:49,510 --> 00:18:47,600
permittivity in one way

487
00:18:51,990 --> 00:18:49,520
the permeability in a corresponding way

488
00:18:54,549 --> 00:18:52,000
but keep the speed of light constant so

489
00:18:56,789 --> 00:18:54,559
we're trying to preserve

490
00:18:59,350 --> 00:18:56,799
normal physics equations as much as

491
00:19:03,669 --> 00:19:02,870
now you need the magnetic fields h

492
00:19:04,710 --> 00:19:03,679
if

493
00:19:06,950 --> 00:19:04,720
you have

494
00:19:08,310 --> 00:19:06,960
things moving fast

495
00:19:11,430 --> 00:19:08,320
but in

496
00:19:14,870 --> 00:19:11,440
living cells things move slowly and so

497
00:19:17,110 --> 00:19:14,880
we only need the first equation

498
00:19:18,950 --> 00:19:17,120
which i've written down here

499
00:19:21,510 --> 00:19:18,960
in which the charge density rho is the

500
00:19:22,470 --> 00:19:21,520
source of the electric field

501
00:20:00,950 --> 00:19:22,480
e

502
00:20:02,870 --> 00:20:00,960
of this

503
00:20:03,990 --> 00:20:02,880
changing of the electric permittivity

504
00:20:07,830 --> 00:20:04,000
has to be

505
00:20:09,270 --> 00:20:07,840
according to emmy nurtures theorem from

506
00:20:11,990 --> 00:20:09,280
2015

507
00:20:14,710 --> 00:20:12,000
if the physics laws depend on time the

508
00:20:16,230 --> 00:20:14,720
energy and momentum are not necessarily

509
00:20:19,669 --> 00:20:16,240
conserved

510
00:20:22,470 --> 00:20:19,679
if prop if epsilon varies with time that

511
00:20:24,870 --> 00:20:22,480
means energy is not conserved if epsilon

512
00:20:27,750 --> 00:20:24,880
varies with position that means momentum

513
00:20:30,310 --> 00:20:27,760
is not conserved but here

514
00:20:31,909 --> 00:20:30,320
permittivity depends on both position r

515
00:20:33,750 --> 00:20:31,919
and time t

516
00:20:35,669 --> 00:20:33,760
so therefore it's varying in time and

517
00:20:39,110 --> 00:20:35,679
space so therefore energy

518
00:20:41,190 --> 00:20:39,120
and momentum are both not conserved

519
00:20:44,070 --> 00:20:41,200
and you can see it immediately here i

520
00:20:46,470 --> 00:20:44,080
write a formula for electrostatic energy

521
00:20:48,710 --> 00:20:46,480
between two charged particles q i and q

522
00:20:50,630 --> 00:20:48,720
j

523
00:20:54,390 --> 00:20:50,640
and you can see that it depends on these

524
00:20:56,070 --> 00:20:54,400
epsilons which vary with space and time

525
00:20:59,190 --> 00:20:56,080
but you can still calculate by the

526
00:21:01,830 --> 00:20:59,200
formula we had the forces between

527
00:21:03,990 --> 00:21:01,840
objects once you put in the epsilon

528
00:21:05,590 --> 00:21:04,000
electric permittivities so we can still

529
00:21:07,270 --> 00:21:05,600
do all of

530
00:21:08,870 --> 00:21:07,280
standard

531
00:21:10,390 --> 00:21:08,880
electrostatic theory there's a lot of

532
00:21:12,149 --> 00:21:10,400
work on electrostatic theory with

533
00:21:14,830 --> 00:21:12,159
variable permittivities

534
00:21:18,149 --> 00:21:14,840
mostly they're from from water

535
00:21:19,909 --> 00:21:18,159
or capacitors or dielectrics but here we

536
00:21:21,110 --> 00:21:19,919
can have the permittivity varying in the

537
00:21:22,630 --> 00:21:21,120
vacuum so

538
00:21:26,789 --> 00:21:22,640
it's a bit different but most of the

539
00:21:30,390 --> 00:21:29,190
some people did not realize

540
00:21:31,909 --> 00:21:30,400
that

541
00:21:33,669 --> 00:21:31,919
energy had to be

542
00:21:35,990 --> 00:21:33,679
varied it couldn't be conserved if you

543
00:21:38,470 --> 00:21:36,000
have time-dependent laws from some input

544
00:21:40,710 --> 00:21:38,480
many people try to keep

545
00:21:42,710 --> 00:21:40,720
energy conservation and causal closure

546
00:21:44,710 --> 00:21:42,720
of the physical

547
00:21:46,710 --> 00:21:44,720
and tried to make some extension of of

548
00:21:47,909 --> 00:21:46,720
physics which kept these two things for

549
00:21:49,669 --> 00:21:47,919
example

550
00:21:51,750 --> 00:21:49,679
john nichols tried

551
00:21:54,630 --> 00:21:51,760
to have quantum mechanics

552
00:21:56,549 --> 00:21:54,640
have probabilities which are biased

553
00:21:59,830 --> 00:21:56,559
because of some input for some nods and

554
00:22:02,630 --> 00:21:59,840
physical input henry stapp tried to

555
00:22:04,870 --> 00:22:02,640
vary the time of probabilistic events in

556
00:22:07,510 --> 00:22:04,880
quantum physics

557
00:22:10,230 --> 00:22:07,520
according to some non-physical input

558
00:22:12,549 --> 00:22:10,240
these two principles would allow

559
00:22:13,830 --> 00:22:12,559
energy to be conserved

560
00:22:15,909 --> 00:22:13,840
but

561
00:22:18,149 --> 00:22:15,919
they're very small effects some people

562
00:22:20,950 --> 00:22:18,159
have proposed to move energy from one

563
00:22:22,870 --> 00:22:20,960
location to another nearby a place

564
00:22:24,710 --> 00:22:22,880
so that the total energy is conserved

565
00:22:27,510 --> 00:22:24,720
but as energy is not conserved at each

566
00:22:29,909 --> 00:22:27,520
location separately not locally

567
00:22:31,830 --> 00:22:29,919
other people have proposed non-local

568
00:22:33,029 --> 00:22:31,840
entanglement to communicate across

569
00:22:35,350 --> 00:22:33,039
distances

570
00:22:37,590 --> 00:22:35,360
but unfortunately any quantum mechanical

571
00:22:40,630 --> 00:22:37,600
entanglement cannot be used

572
00:22:42,390 --> 00:22:40,640
for signal transmission

573
00:22:46,390 --> 00:22:42,400
a lot of these proposals

574
00:22:48,070 --> 00:22:46,400
involve quantum physics but chances

575
00:22:50,470 --> 00:22:48,080
in quantum physics are very small in

576
00:22:53,029 --> 00:22:50,480
living organisms

577
00:22:55,350 --> 00:22:53,039
they're there but so changes in the

578
00:22:56,870 --> 00:22:55,360
chances are even smaller

579
00:22:59,750 --> 00:22:56,880
and these are all much smaller than

580
00:23:02,149 --> 00:22:59,760
electric changes we that we would get by

581
00:23:04,070 --> 00:23:02,159
varying the electric the vacuum electric

582
00:23:06,870 --> 00:23:04,080
permittivity so i think

583
00:23:09,350 --> 00:23:06,880
this the scheme of varying the electric

584
00:23:11,110 --> 00:23:09,360
forces is much more promising to make an

585
00:23:13,669 --> 00:23:11,120
observable effect

586
00:23:17,909 --> 00:23:13,679
for how non-physical influences the

587
00:23:23,110 --> 00:23:20,390
the remaining part of my talk

588
00:23:26,070 --> 00:23:23,120
is to discuss how

589
00:23:28,710 --> 00:23:26,080
an organism gets to vary these electric

590
00:23:31,190 --> 00:23:28,720
permittivities

591
00:23:33,270 --> 00:23:31,200
we've talked about final causes and ends

592
00:23:34,310 --> 00:23:33,280
and targets so let's spell out in more

593
00:23:37,270 --> 00:23:34,320
detail

594
00:23:39,830 --> 00:23:37,280
how they may work see i'm proposing a

595
00:23:42,070 --> 00:23:39,840
new discrete degree in the gap

596
00:23:43,909 --> 00:23:42,080
between sensory motor the outermost

597
00:23:46,390 --> 00:23:43,919
non-physical and blue

598
00:23:48,390 --> 00:23:46,400
and the lagrangian masses and charges on

599
00:23:50,710 --> 00:23:48,400
the right so i'm proposing

600
00:23:52,870 --> 00:23:50,720
that there is a new discrete degree i'm

601
00:23:54,230 --> 00:23:52,880
going to call targets

602
00:23:56,470 --> 00:23:54,240
and it receives

603
00:23:58,149 --> 00:23:56,480
final causes or the to target

604
00:24:00,390 --> 00:23:58,159
configurations

605
00:24:02,789 --> 00:24:00,400
from the non-physical

606
00:24:04,470 --> 00:24:02,799
and it influences the physical by using

607
00:24:07,350 --> 00:24:04,480
those

608
00:24:10,549 --> 00:24:07,360
final causes or final states

609
00:24:12,870 --> 00:24:10,559
to vary this electric permittivity

610
00:24:15,190 --> 00:24:12,880
so in the list on the right here

611
00:24:19,909 --> 00:24:15,200
it's number two which has been inserted

612
00:24:23,669 --> 00:24:22,310
so if we look at what biologists have

613
00:24:25,430 --> 00:24:23,679
already worked out

614
00:24:28,070 --> 00:24:25,440
seems to be needed

615
00:24:31,350 --> 00:24:28,080
for management of biological organisms

616
00:24:32,950 --> 00:24:31,360
michael levin in 2012

617
00:24:34,870 --> 00:24:32,960
looked at

618
00:24:36,390 --> 00:24:34,880
cell regeneration from

619
00:24:38,870 --> 00:24:36,400
from injury

620
00:24:41,029 --> 00:24:38,880
and also in growth after transplant and

621
00:24:43,590 --> 00:24:41,039
he deduced that there must be a kind of

622
00:24:45,350 --> 00:24:43,600
feedback system within each cell

623
00:24:47,110 --> 00:24:45,360
so that it knows the shape that it's

624
00:24:48,149 --> 00:24:47,120
supposed to achieve it is to know its

625
00:24:49,830 --> 00:24:48,159
target

626
00:24:52,390 --> 00:24:49,840
and it can tell if its current shape

627
00:24:53,909 --> 00:24:52,400
differs from the target

628
00:24:56,789 --> 00:24:53,919
and then if there is a difference then

629
00:24:59,110 --> 00:24:56,799
it by means of some kind of

630
00:25:01,029 --> 00:24:59,120
means ends analysis it knows works out

631
00:25:04,390 --> 00:25:01,039
how to get from its initial current

632
00:25:05,990 --> 00:25:04,400
shape to the target s

633
00:25:07,510 --> 00:25:06,000
and then it has a kind of

634
00:25:09,990 --> 00:25:07,520
self-surveillance to know when it's

635
00:25:12,789 --> 00:25:10,000
finally got to the desired shape and it

636
00:25:14,630 --> 00:25:12,799
can stop trying to make changes

637
00:25:16,470 --> 00:25:14,640
so this

638
00:25:19,110 --> 00:25:16,480
means that our picture from the previous

639
00:25:21,350 --> 00:25:19,120
page has to be added by this this dashed

640
00:25:24,390 --> 00:25:21,360
line there has to be some feedback from

641
00:25:25,669 --> 00:25:24,400
the arrangement of the quantum fields

642
00:25:26,870 --> 00:25:25,679
which tell you

643
00:25:28,630 --> 00:25:26,880
where the

644
00:25:30,870 --> 00:25:28,640
object is at the moment

645
00:25:32,789 --> 00:25:30,880
to compare it with the target you have

646
00:25:35,110 --> 00:25:32,799
to calculate the difference between the

647
00:25:38,710 --> 00:25:35,120
current minus the target and feed that

648
00:25:42,950 --> 00:25:39,830
that means

649
00:25:45,350 --> 00:25:42,960
targets actually have three functions

650
00:25:46,789 --> 00:25:45,360
they receive the final cause or the

651
00:25:49,830 --> 00:25:46,799
target configuration from the

652
00:25:51,590 --> 00:25:49,840
non-physical degree above it

653
00:25:53,510 --> 00:25:51,600
they determine the differences between

654
00:25:55,510 --> 00:25:53,520
the current state

655
00:25:56,710 --> 00:25:55,520
and the target for configuration in

656
00:25:58,390 --> 00:25:56,720
other words see whether they need to

657
00:25:59,669 --> 00:25:58,400
make any changes

658
00:26:01,510 --> 00:25:59,679
and then they vary the electric

659
00:26:03,510 --> 00:26:01,520
permittivities in order to minimize this

660
00:26:06,390 --> 00:26:03,520
difference and so achieve the target

661
00:26:11,510 --> 00:26:08,630
and i propose

662
00:26:13,669 --> 00:26:11,520
to do this this these three steps i want

663
00:26:15,510 --> 00:26:13,679
to make targets a new kind of physical

664
00:26:17,750 --> 00:26:15,520
degree

665
00:26:18,870 --> 00:26:17,760
because i want to avoid using the higher

666
00:26:21,590 --> 00:26:18,880
mind

667
00:26:23,190 --> 00:26:21,600
itself to do micromanage every movement

668
00:26:24,549 --> 00:26:23,200
of every molecule

669
00:26:25,669 --> 00:26:24,559
in the cell

670
00:26:28,149 --> 00:26:25,679
that's an

671
00:26:29,510 --> 00:26:28,159
extreme micromanagement i want the the

672
00:26:31,669 --> 00:26:29,520
mind or the

673
00:26:33,990 --> 00:26:31,679
the non-physical to specify a target and

674
00:26:35,990 --> 00:26:34,000
then delegate the process of achieving a

675
00:26:37,990 --> 00:26:36,000
target

676
00:26:39,590 --> 00:26:38,000
so that means the physical degree should

677
00:26:41,990 --> 00:26:39,600
be able

678
00:26:43,430 --> 00:26:42,000
to anticipate futures

679
00:26:45,110 --> 00:26:43,440
work out what's going to happen and then

680
00:26:46,630 --> 00:26:45,120
correct it if the thing wrong thing is

681
00:26:48,230 --> 00:26:46,640
going to happen it has to be able to

682
00:26:50,230 --> 00:26:48,240
anticipate the future without using any

683
00:26:53,110 --> 00:26:50,240
time travel and so we have to make some

684
00:26:55,430 --> 00:26:53,120
kind of feedback loop in order to keep

685
00:26:57,510 --> 00:26:55,440
changing the permittivities until the

686
00:26:58,950 --> 00:26:57,520
target is achieved

687
00:27:00,149 --> 00:26:58,960
so you can see here that there are some

688
00:27:04,950 --> 00:27:00,159
details

689
00:27:10,789 --> 00:27:07,029
so let's come to this question of

690
00:27:11,909 --> 00:27:10,799
anticipating future configurations

691
00:27:13,990 --> 00:27:11,919
targeting

692
00:27:16,230 --> 00:27:14,000
would be much more effective if it could

693
00:27:18,549 --> 00:27:16,240
if it could anticipate physical

694
00:27:19,750 --> 00:27:18,559
configurations in the near future

695
00:27:21,190 --> 00:27:19,760
for instance

696
00:27:23,110 --> 00:27:21,200
if you have a flying bird trying to

697
00:27:25,190 --> 00:27:23,120
intercept an insect you don't the bird

698
00:27:26,950 --> 00:27:25,200
doesn't just try and move to where the

699
00:27:27,990 --> 00:27:26,960
insect is now because the insect will

700
00:27:31,110 --> 00:27:28,000
have moved

701
00:27:33,350 --> 00:27:31,120
on see the bird has to anticipate

702
00:27:34,630 --> 00:27:33,360
what the intake insect is going to do or

703
00:27:37,110 --> 00:27:34,640
might do

704
00:27:39,110 --> 00:27:37,120
and then try and move to its future

705
00:27:41,830 --> 00:27:39,120
position

706
00:27:43,190 --> 00:27:41,840
so the same really applies

707
00:27:45,269 --> 00:27:43,200
in cells

708
00:27:46,149 --> 00:27:45,279
and molecules continually moving because

709
00:27:48,710 --> 00:27:46,159
of

710
00:27:50,389 --> 00:27:48,720
thermal vibration and movement

711
00:27:53,669 --> 00:27:50,399
flow in the cells

712
00:27:55,990 --> 00:27:53,679
so targets would be best specified at

713
00:27:57,430 --> 00:27:56,000
some future target time not just to

714
00:27:59,350 --> 00:27:57,440
something that would be good to achieve

715
00:28:00,630 --> 00:27:59,360
now

716
00:28:02,230 --> 00:28:00,640
and that would further allow

717
00:28:04,070 --> 00:28:02,240
permittivities in the whole time

718
00:28:06,950 --> 00:28:04,080
interval between now and the future

719
00:28:09,669 --> 00:28:06,960
target time to be adjusted

720
00:28:11,669 --> 00:28:09,679
there's room to maneuver

721
00:28:13,830 --> 00:28:11,679
we when we delegate a job to someone we

722
00:28:14,950 --> 00:28:13,840
have to give them some time to achieve

723
00:28:17,190 --> 00:28:14,960
it we don't

724
00:28:19,510 --> 00:28:17,200
expect them to make an immediate change

725
00:28:20,789 --> 00:28:19,520
to change everything instantaneously

726
00:28:23,029 --> 00:28:20,799
nothing in physics happens

727
00:28:25,350 --> 00:28:23,039
instantaneously

728
00:28:27,909 --> 00:28:25,360
but to anticipate future configurations

729
00:28:33,029 --> 00:28:27,919
we have to separate in physics the idea

730
00:28:37,430 --> 00:28:35,510
metric time and process time

731
00:28:39,269 --> 00:28:37,440
get to be distinguished especially

732
00:28:41,909 --> 00:28:39,279
because of quantum mechanics quantum

733
00:28:44,549 --> 00:28:41,919
physics but in fact henry bergson and

734
00:28:47,510 --> 00:28:44,559
others alfred north whitehead

735
00:28:49,750 --> 00:28:47,520
also postulated process time

736
00:28:51,990 --> 00:28:49,760
which is the changes of state

737
00:28:54,470 --> 00:28:52,000
of an object the success of internal

738
00:28:57,350 --> 00:28:54,480
states successive actualizations as in

739
00:28:59,669 --> 00:28:57,360
quantum selections and metric time

740
00:29:01,590 --> 00:28:59,679
or clock time is measurable like space

741
00:29:04,549 --> 00:29:01,600
or space time

742
00:29:06,230 --> 00:29:04,559
so we all know of space time

743
00:29:08,470 --> 00:29:06,240
is one way of understanding special

744
00:29:11,350 --> 00:29:08,480
relativity einstein's relativity but

745
00:29:14,950 --> 00:29:11,360
that's spreading all time out like space

746
00:29:17,430 --> 00:29:14,960
it's only dealing with metric time

747
00:29:19,510 --> 00:29:17,440
so we're going to use both both

748
00:29:20,789 --> 00:29:19,520
kinds of time but because space time

749
00:29:23,190 --> 00:29:20,799
already exists

750
00:29:25,750 --> 00:29:23,200
you can use it to look ahead

751
00:29:28,070 --> 00:29:25,760
and see where deterministic fields get

752
00:29:30,149 --> 00:29:28,080
to in the future

753
00:29:32,870 --> 00:29:30,159
because the metric future already exists

754
00:29:34,630 --> 00:29:32,880
space time exists at all times already

755
00:29:36,710 --> 00:29:34,640
if we have metric time and we can look

756
00:29:38,389 --> 00:29:36,720
ahead then we can extrapolate the

757
00:29:40,710 --> 00:29:38,399
current position

758
00:29:43,510 --> 00:29:40,720
to its future time so we have what we

759
00:29:46,230 --> 00:29:43,520
call a current extrapolation we compare

760
00:29:48,149 --> 00:29:46,240
the current extrapolation position

761
00:29:50,230 --> 00:29:48,159
to the target arrangement and this makes

762
00:29:52,230 --> 00:29:50,240
much more sense makes much more

763
00:29:55,350 --> 00:29:52,240
effective

764
00:29:57,350 --> 00:29:55,360
targeting processes

765
00:29:58,789 --> 00:29:57,360
so

766
00:30:01,029 --> 00:29:58,799
we're going to work out a way of

767
00:30:03,590 --> 00:30:01,039
adjusting

768
00:30:05,830 --> 00:30:03,600
future permittivities how to adjust the

769
00:30:09,430 --> 00:30:05,840
permittivity in the near future between

770
00:30:11,350 --> 00:30:09,440
now and the target time and to do this

771
00:30:14,310 --> 00:30:11,360
we have to send waves backwards and

772
00:30:17,029 --> 00:30:14,320
forwards in metric time

773
00:30:19,269 --> 00:30:17,039
we have forward propagating waves which

774
00:30:20,549 --> 00:30:19,279
reveal what the future configuration is

775
00:30:22,710 --> 00:30:20,559
going to be

776
00:30:24,310 --> 00:30:22,720
and then we have backward propagating a

777
00:30:26,710 --> 00:30:24,320
joint waves

778
00:30:28,549 --> 00:30:26,720
to reveal the sensitivity

779
00:30:30,950 --> 00:30:28,559
of

780
00:30:32,789 --> 00:30:30,960
that difference to changes in the

781
00:30:34,950 --> 00:30:32,799
intermediating time so this

782
00:30:37,590 --> 00:30:34,960
is a theory called sulfur joint theory

783
00:30:39,750 --> 00:30:37,600
or a joint model theory which is often

784
00:30:42,710 --> 00:30:39,760
used in engineering which we're using

785
00:30:43,590 --> 00:30:42,720
here is to probe backwards and forwards

786
00:30:46,470 --> 00:30:43,600
just

787
00:30:48,470 --> 00:30:46,480
as a human might and make a plan for the

788
00:30:50,870 --> 00:30:48,480
near future to do something but now it's

789
00:30:52,710 --> 00:30:50,880
being done mechanically in a physical

790
00:30:55,029 --> 00:30:52,720
system

791
00:30:57,110 --> 00:30:55,039
and we repeat doing this until the

792
00:30:59,190 --> 00:30:57,120
physical system reaches the target so

793
00:31:03,190 --> 00:30:59,200
we'll see some examples of this

794
00:31:07,669 --> 00:31:05,029
i'm going to show some

795
00:31:09,909 --> 00:31:07,679
examples of how targets for proteins

796
00:31:11,830 --> 00:31:09,919
might work using molecular dynamical

797
00:31:14,549 --> 00:31:11,840
models so i'm just

798
00:31:17,509 --> 00:31:14,559
using classical newtonian physics

799
00:31:19,590 --> 00:31:17,519
to just show how charged particles can

800
00:31:22,950 --> 00:31:19,600
move

801
00:31:25,830 --> 00:31:22,960
if they're a protein for example

802
00:31:28,230 --> 00:31:25,840
and the example i'm going to use

803
00:31:30,230 --> 00:31:28,240
is a as a hundred

804
00:31:34,710 --> 00:31:30,240
as a protein with a hundred amino acids

805
00:31:36,870 --> 00:31:35,509
so

806
00:31:37,990 --> 00:31:36,880
these negative

807
00:31:40,230 --> 00:31:38,000
red is

808
00:31:42,070 --> 00:31:40,240
as negative charge in blue as positive

809
00:31:44,549 --> 00:31:42,080
charge

810
00:31:47,590 --> 00:31:44,559
and i've put this i put this molecule in

811
00:31:50,549 --> 00:31:47,600
a cage modeled on a chaperone cage a

812
00:31:52,549 --> 00:31:50,559
separate molecule is a cage in which

813
00:31:54,630 --> 00:31:52,559
proteins to be folded are put inside

814
00:31:56,950 --> 00:31:54,640
there and something happens in chaperone

815
00:32:00,470 --> 00:31:56,960
molecules which folds

816
00:32:02,149 --> 00:32:00,480
proteins up to the required position

817
00:32:05,750 --> 00:32:02,159
now the interesting feature is that

818
00:32:08,549 --> 00:32:05,760
inside the on the inside of chaperone

819
00:32:10,710 --> 00:32:08,559
cages there are these charges

820
00:32:12,789 --> 00:32:10,720
minus three electron charges the green

821
00:32:15,029 --> 00:32:12,799
ones they're all negative but i've drawn

822
00:32:16,070 --> 00:32:15,039
them green at the bottom and orange at

823
00:32:18,470 --> 00:32:16,080
the top

824
00:32:20,549 --> 00:32:18,480
there are these

825
00:32:22,710 --> 00:32:20,559
charges on the inside

826
00:32:26,149 --> 00:32:22,720
of the

827
00:32:27,750 --> 00:32:26,159
imagine varying those in order to repel

828
00:32:29,190 --> 00:32:27,760
or attract different parts of the

829
00:32:31,190 --> 00:32:29,200
molecule

830
00:32:34,070 --> 00:32:31,200
so this is a very simple model it's a

831
00:32:38,710 --> 00:32:37,029
and now so this is a normal behavior

832
00:32:39,590 --> 00:32:38,720
of

833
00:32:40,630 --> 00:32:39,600
this

834
00:32:43,350 --> 00:32:40,640
system

835
00:32:46,789 --> 00:32:43,360
this molecule protein molecule inside

836
00:32:51,990 --> 00:32:50,470
but now we want to make a target

837
00:32:53,430 --> 00:32:52,000
and there's a little bit of mathematics

838
00:32:57,190 --> 00:32:53,440
of targets which we don't really need to

839
00:32:59,190 --> 00:32:57,200
go into but basically g is a measure of

840
00:33:00,149 --> 00:32:59,200
how far the target

841
00:33:02,389 --> 00:33:00,159
differs

842
00:33:04,710 --> 00:33:02,399
from the desired position so

843
00:33:07,269 --> 00:33:04,720
g starts as a positive number and we

844
00:33:09,350 --> 00:33:07,279
want it to go small down to g equal to

845
00:33:12,149 --> 00:33:09,360
zero that means we've achieved the

846
00:33:15,909 --> 00:33:13,350
so

847
00:33:18,070 --> 00:33:15,919
where i've put this molecule

848
00:33:20,310 --> 00:33:18,080
inside a cage

849
00:33:23,590 --> 00:33:20,320
and if we just let it go normally it

850
00:33:24,950 --> 00:33:23,600
doesn't do very much at all it just

851
00:33:26,789 --> 00:33:24,960
sits here

852
00:33:29,110 --> 00:33:26,799
rotating very slowly because it's in the

853
00:33:31,509 --> 00:33:29,120
middle of the cage and there's much less

854
00:33:36,789 --> 00:33:31,519
energy than the pre previous one this is

855
00:33:44,230 --> 00:33:41,509
but now i want this molecule

856
00:33:46,310 --> 00:33:44,240
to move left by one nanometer one of

857
00:33:47,350 --> 00:33:46,320
these squares that's one millionth one

858
00:33:49,430 --> 00:33:47,360
billionth

859
00:33:51,509 --> 00:33:49,440
of a meter

860
00:33:53,029 --> 00:33:51,519
so i have worked out i'll show on the

861
00:33:53,830 --> 00:33:53,039
next slide how

862
00:33:57,029 --> 00:33:53,840
these

863
00:33:58,710 --> 00:33:57,039
primitive permittivities have changed

864
00:34:00,950 --> 00:33:58,720
these permatease permittivities have

865
00:34:03,269 --> 00:34:00,960
changed for the

866
00:34:03,990 --> 00:34:03,279
where the charges are in the molecule

867
00:34:06,870 --> 00:34:04,000
and

868
00:34:08,310 --> 00:34:06,880
for the electrons in the cage

869
00:34:10,069 --> 00:34:08,320
and so now

870
00:34:13,909 --> 00:34:10,079
we see that

871
00:34:15,669 --> 00:34:13,919
the molecule moves in a different way

872
00:34:17,909 --> 00:34:15,679
because the electric charges have been

873
00:34:19,829 --> 00:34:17,919
changed sorry not the electric charges

874
00:34:21,349 --> 00:34:19,839
the permittivities have been changed so

875
00:34:22,710 --> 00:34:21,359
the electric charges have a different

876
00:34:24,389 --> 00:34:22,720
effect

877
00:34:25,669 --> 00:34:24,399
the forces from the electric charges are

878
00:34:27,349 --> 00:34:25,679
different

879
00:34:30,149 --> 00:34:27,359
it's moved over

880
00:34:31,430 --> 00:34:30,159
to one to position one so the target is

881
00:34:37,430 --> 00:34:31,440
to move the center of mass of this

882
00:34:40,710 --> 00:34:39,190
and we can see on the left here this g

883
00:34:43,669 --> 00:34:40,720
the gold function

884
00:34:47,270 --> 00:34:45,589
as

885
00:34:48,869 --> 00:34:47,280
four and then it drops down to zero and

886
00:34:50,470 --> 00:34:48,879
on the right here we can see the

887
00:34:53,190 --> 00:34:50,480
fractional changes

888
00:34:56,869 --> 00:34:53,200
in the in the char and the permittivity

889
00:34:59,109 --> 00:34:56,879
at for different plate different

890
00:35:00,390 --> 00:34:59,119
units on the molecule and also different

891
00:35:01,190 --> 00:35:00,400
charges

892
00:35:05,270 --> 00:35:01,200
uh

893
00:35:12,950 --> 00:35:08,150
and now we want to

894
00:35:16,630 --> 00:35:14,550
so the general predictions are that

895
00:35:18,550 --> 00:35:16,640
physical processes move more quickly to

896
00:35:20,950 --> 00:35:18,560
useful result that's the whole purpose

897
00:35:23,270 --> 00:35:20,960
of targets and furthermore this happens

898
00:35:25,510 --> 00:35:23,280
particularly with charged particles and

899
00:35:27,910 --> 00:35:25,520
atoms it wouldn't happen for neutrons

900
00:35:29,910 --> 00:35:27,920
for example

901
00:35:31,750 --> 00:35:29,920
and the specific predictions are that

902
00:35:33,910 --> 00:35:31,760
these electric effects and living in

903
00:35:35,589 --> 00:35:33,920
organisms fluctuate

904
00:35:37,750 --> 00:35:35,599
because of the targeting the vacuum

905
00:35:40,230 --> 00:35:37,760
permittivity changes

906
00:35:42,550 --> 00:35:40,240
in atoms and cells in a way which must

907
00:35:45,910 --> 00:35:42,560
be distinguished from the permittivity

908
00:35:47,510 --> 00:35:45,920
changes from water say or other solvents

909
00:35:49,190 --> 00:35:47,520
and furthermore we note that the model

910
00:35:51,750 --> 00:35:49,200
only changes the physics parameters

911
00:35:53,589 --> 00:35:51,760
needed to give useful results probably

912
00:35:55,510 --> 00:35:53,599
not all of the region but just the

913
00:35:57,750 --> 00:35:55,520
particular places

914
00:35:59,910 --> 00:35:57,760
for the atoms and the causal change so

915
00:36:01,990 --> 00:35:59,920
these atoms in the causal chain

916
00:36:04,390 --> 00:36:02,000
have brief shifts in energies

917
00:36:06,550 --> 00:36:04,400
and they their fluorescent light has

918
00:36:08,710 --> 00:36:06,560
changed in frequency so that's one way

919
00:36:11,430 --> 00:36:08,720
of observing it and here we go back to

920
00:36:12,790 --> 00:36:11,440
the way john barrow and john webb

921
00:36:13,990 --> 00:36:12,800
proposed

922
00:36:17,190 --> 00:36:14,000
to measure

923
00:36:19,750 --> 00:36:17,200
changes for astronomical

924
00:36:21,990 --> 00:36:19,760
fluorescent reactions and so

925
00:36:24,950 --> 00:36:22,000
the transitions between levels are

926
00:36:27,190 --> 00:36:24,960
different if the permittivity changes

927
00:36:29,109 --> 00:36:27,200
if and so therefore

928
00:36:31,030 --> 00:36:29,119
on the vertical scale here we're varying

929
00:36:33,030 --> 00:36:31,040
the strength of the electric field and

930
00:36:34,150 --> 00:36:33,040
we can see transition lines vary in

931
00:36:37,270 --> 00:36:34,160
wavelength

932
00:36:41,430 --> 00:36:37,280
very accurately with

933
00:36:44,790 --> 00:36:41,440
modern telescopes or all telescopes

934
00:36:46,390 --> 00:36:44,800
so this is one way of measuring that

935
00:36:49,109 --> 00:36:46,400
so to summarize

936
00:36:52,310 --> 00:36:49,119
this talk as a whole

937
00:36:54,710 --> 00:36:52,320
we propose two hypotheses to answer

938
00:36:56,150 --> 00:36:54,720
these questions what do mental effects

939
00:36:57,589 --> 00:36:56,160
change in the physics

940
00:37:01,030 --> 00:36:57,599
the answer is that they change the

941
00:37:02,710 --> 00:37:01,040
relative permittivity of the vacuum

942
00:37:03,829 --> 00:37:02,720
the second question is how do these

943
00:37:06,230 --> 00:37:03,839
changes

944
00:37:07,750 --> 00:37:06,240
get to be used in physiology

945
00:37:10,390 --> 00:37:07,760
and the answer to that is that there are

946
00:37:12,470 --> 00:37:10,400
target configurations given by input

947
00:37:14,230 --> 00:37:12,480
from the non-physical

948
00:37:16,710 --> 00:37:14,240
and so then there's a physical feedback

949
00:37:19,510 --> 00:37:16,720
mechanism to bring physical objects

950
00:37:20,630 --> 00:37:19,520
closer to this target in the near future

951
00:37:23,990 --> 00:37:20,640
to achieve

952
00:37:29,190 --> 00:37:26,390
and the overall implications are now we

953
00:37:31,030 --> 00:37:29,200
can see at least as a proposal how

954
00:37:32,550 --> 00:37:31,040
non-physical things can have effects in

955
00:37:34,310 --> 00:37:32,560
nature

956
00:37:36,550 --> 00:37:34,320
and furthermore these effects on

957
00:37:39,270 --> 00:37:36,560
permittivity should be measured because

958
00:37:41,750 --> 00:37:39,280
the energy levels in the atoms involved

959
00:37:43,750 --> 00:37:41,760
will change

960
00:37:46,069 --> 00:37:43,760
and very interestingly we have final

961
00:37:47,750 --> 00:37:46,079
causes and targets to be active in

962
00:37:49,510 --> 00:37:47,760
nature

963
00:37:51,589 --> 00:37:49,520
final causes have tried to be abolished

964
00:37:53,829 --> 00:37:51,599
for the last 400 years in science but

965
00:37:56,550 --> 00:37:53,839
here we have a prospect of bringing them

966
00:37:58,390 --> 00:37:56,560
back again so this widens the field of

967
00:37:59,349 --> 00:37:58,400
scientific explanations concerning

968
00:38:01,990 --> 00:37:59,359
mental

969
00:38:03,990 --> 00:38:02,000
and other non-physical causes

970
00:38:06,310 --> 00:38:04,000
and to summarize no longer is the

971
00:38:07,750 --> 00:38:06,320
physical universe causally closed

972
00:38:09,910 --> 00:38:07,760
so that means that the starting

973
00:38:11,430 --> 00:38:09,920
assumptions of so many papers

974
00:38:12,870 --> 00:38:11,440
trying to understand the mind-body

975
00:38:13,829 --> 00:38:12,880
problem they all start with causal

976
00:38:17,030 --> 00:38:13,839
closure

977
00:38:18,630 --> 00:38:17,040
this is not a good starting point

978
00:38:20,710 --> 00:38:18,640
so there's a few references here for

979
00:38:22,069 --> 00:38:20,720
people that i've quoted